Overview
Cycling has been a permanent fixture of the Olympic Games since Athens 1896. Its Olympic programme has expanded considerably over the decades and now encompasses four distinct branches: road cycling, track cycling, mountain biking, and BMX.
In road events, riders compete in individual road races and time trials for both men and women, covering distances that exceed 250 kilometres in some cases. Track cycling, held in a banked oval velodrome, features more specialised disciplines: sprint, keirin, points race, omnium, and Madison — each testing a mix of explosive power, tactics, and short-range endurance. Mountain biking was added to the programme at Atlanta 1996 in the cross-country event, contested over rough terrain and demanding trails. BMX is divided into BMX racing, included since Beijing 2008, and BMX freestyle, added at Tokyo 2020.
The sport is governed internationally by the UCI (International Cycling Union), founded in 1900. Cycling is among the most diverse sports within a single Olympic programme: the demands of mountain cross-country bear little resemblance to those of a velodrome keirin or the acrobatic style of BMX freestyle. Competitive strength in road and track events is concentrated in Europe, particularly the Netherlands, France, Britain, and Belgium.





